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Sub-Lieutenant was a Japanese naval aviator and flying ace (''"Gekitsui-O"'', 撃墜王) of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. Sakai had 28 aerial victories (including shared) by official Japanese records,〔Sakai saburo research book, pp.277.〕 while his autobiography "Samurai!," co-written by Martin Caidin and Fred Saito, claims 64 aerial victories.〔 Such discrepancies are common, and pilots' official scores are often lower than those claimed by the pilots themselves, due to difficulties in providing appropriate witnesses or verifying wreckage, and variations in military reports due to loss or destruction. Claims have been made that his autobiography "Samurai!" includes fictional stories, and that the number of kills specified in that work were increased to promote sales of the book by Martin Caidin. The book was not published in Japan, and differs from his biographies there.〔Kodachi 2010, pp. 315-325.〕 ==Early life== Saburō Sakai was born on 25 August 1916, in Saga, Japan. Sakai was born into a family of samurai ancestry whose ancestors had taken part in the Japanese invasions of Korea but who were forced to take a living as farmers following ''haihan-chiken'' in 1871.〔Sakai et al. 1978, pp. 1, 3.〕 He is the third born of four sons (his given name literally means "third son"), and had three sisters. Sakai was 11 when his father died, leaving his mother alone to raise seven children. With limited resources, Sakai was adopted by his maternal uncle, who financed his education in a Tokyo high school. However, Sakai failed to do well in his studies and was sent back to Saga after his second year. With no other options, on 31 May 1933 at the age of 16, Sakai enlisted in the Japanese Navy as a Sailor Fourth Class (Seaman Recruit) (四等水兵). Sakai describes his experiences as a naval recruit: :"The petty officers would not hesitate to administer the severest beatings to recruits they felt deserving of punishment. Whenever I committed a breach of discipline or an error in training, I was dragged physically from my cot by a petty officer. 'Stand tall to the wall! Bend down, Recruit Sakai!' he would roar. 'I am not doing this because I hate you, but because I like you and want you to make a good seaman. Bend down!' And with that he would swing a large stick of wood and with every ounce of strength he possessed would slam it against my upturned bottom. The pain was terrible, the force of the blows unremitting."〔Forquer, John A. ("The Kamikaze: Samurai Warrior, A New Appraisal." ) ''globalsecurity.org''. Retrieved: 5 April 2015.〕 After completing his training the following year, Sakai was graduated as a Sailor Third Class (Ordinary Seaman) (三等水兵). Sakai then served aboard the battleship for one year. In 1935, he successfully passed the competitive examinations for the Naval Gunners School. Sakai was promoted to Sailor Second Class (Able Seaman) (二等水兵) in 1936, and served on the battleship as a turret gunner. He received successive promotions to Sailor First Class (Leading Seaman) (一等水兵) and to Petty Officer Third Class (三等兵曹). In early 1937, he applied for and was accepted into a pilot training school. He graduated first in his Naval Class at Tsuchiura in 1937, earning a silver watch presented to him by Emperor Hirohito himself. Sakai graduated as a carrier pilot, although he was never actually assigned to aircraft carrier duty. Promoted to Petty Officer Second Class (二等兵曹) in 1938, Sakai first took part in aerial combat flying the Mitsubishi A5M in the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1938–1939 and was wounded. Sakai shot down a Soviet built Ilyushin DB-3 bomber in October 1939. Later, Sakai was selected to fly the Mitsubishi A6M2 Zero fighter in combat over China. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Saburō Sakai」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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